New science

[Timothy Gard]

Hi everyone my name is Tim Gard and I'm a renewable energy research scientist. I am presently in a discussion with the mediator to see if he is going to have a problem with any of the information that I'm going to be posting here. A lot of times what I have to say upsets investors because I'm telling them that they have to make major changes in the way these renewable systems are built. But I can't help that. You wouldn't believe how many horror stories I've heard about scientists who have been turned away because the money people didn't like what they were telling them. As a scientist I have to deal with the truth. The math is all that is important from a science point of view. That's who I am that's what I do. Thanks for the opportunity.

[Ralph Day]

Rob is pretty open minded about what appears on this forum. Looking forward to what you have to say.

Ralph

[Timothy Gard]

Okay I'm going to start out with basics. I sometimes forget when I'm talking about this stuff that I have been through these Basics over and over and over again and what seems obvious to me may not be obvious to everyone. So in order to be cautious I'm going to start right at the beginning and I apologize if what I'm giving you is boring but I've just got to make sure that you're following what I'm trying to show you.
First of all you have to have a scientific understanding of energy. The very basic law is referred to scientifically as the "conservation of energy". If you do not know what this is I suggest you do your homework look it up and find out what it means, but I will try to explain it to you here. However if you're not sure that the explanation that I'm giving you is true, then you will need to look it up on your own. The "conservation of energy" says that energy can neither be created or destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another. An example of this is a simple form of wood. If you set the wood on fire it will generate heat and light in the form of radiant energy in both these forms, heat and light This energy which originally came from the Sun, is energy the plant gathered from the suns radiated energy. It is converted to chemical and then turned into what became the wood. By burning it you are releasing this energy collected from the Sun as the plant grew. Absolutely nothing is ever wasted it is converted to either Heat or light and then continues on in the same format it was radiated from the Sun. I'm not making this stuff up it's science and you gotta do your homework if you're going to follow what I'm going to be bringing to you within the next few weeks. Perpetual motion? I guess in the true explanation of it it probably is, but we have scientific issues with what we consider to be perpetual motion. My personal belief is perpetual motion has already been done all you simply have to do is look at the universe to see it. If you can build a universe you also may be capable of Perpetual Motion.:cool:

[Timothy Gard]

The next science lesson that you have to have is learning the meaning of buoyancy . Again I will try to give you a basic explanation of this but the best thing to do is if you don't understand it very well you need to study it on your own. Buoyancy is the force put up on anything that is put into water. You can actually feel this for yourself. If you take a 10 pound cement block and lower it into the water it will feel like it actually gets lighter. This is because the water that it displaces has mass and that mass counteracts the mass of the brick that you are putting into the water. The amount displaced is what gives you that reduction of weight on the Block. Now if you were to take that block and stretch it out into a shape like the hull of a boat it's weight will cause more water to be displaced allowing a cement block to actually float on top of the water. Now you can do the same thing with steel or wood or any other material that you could form into the shape of a ship's Hull. If however you allow water into that area inside the hull, you will eventually cause it to sink because the water is no longer being displaced it is being placed inside your floating device. Follow through with this. 1 cubic foot of water weighs about 62 pounds. If you have a 1 cubic foot Stone and you place it into water it will get pushed up on by 62 pounds if that cubic foot of stone only weighs 60 pounds then it would float. But a cubic foot of stone weighs much more than 62 pounds, and it would sink right to the bottom. Now if you take a balloon that has 1 cubic foot of space and try to push it down in the water its total weight would be less than an ounce but the displaced water would be pushing up on that are at 62 pounds. Now let's get rid of that container and tirely. If you were to take a hose and force compressed air into the bottom of a column of water as soon as you reach one cubic foot of air that bubble would be pushing up with a force of 62 pounds of pressure.Now all you have to do is figure out how to capture that 62 pounds of lift and convert it to work. Now math it out. If I put 10 cubic feet of air in that is 10 times 10 times 10 which is 1000 cubic feet or 62000 pounds of lift in a column of water. (10 X 10 X 10 X 62 = 62,000 cubic feet of displacement lift) The higher this column of water the more pressure there is at the bottom and the more pressure you're going to need to force that air in. But the payback is the higher container will output for a longer period of time so there is a nickel for nickel trade-off even though you have a higher elevation of water you get a longer output of energy. This extra energy comes from the higher pressure of air being forced in the bottom of that column of water. Because there are no high temperatures or high frictions in this device the conservation of energy gives you a very high percentage of return for this input energy. Now all you need to do is find large amounts of compressed air. At one point along here I am going to show you how to get all of the compressed air that you want at a very low price, with a machine you can build on your own. Now the next thing to consider how long can compressed air be stored in a container without any losses?:D

[Timothy Gard]

This is in reverse order. You need to start with my first post at the bottom of this post. There are actually very many ways to get free compressed air in some very large quantities easily attainable. I'll touch on some of these in this discussion and I will be discussing others in the future. Let's look at a device that people are accustomed to seeing already and that's the wind turbine. If you graph the energy input versus the energy output of a wind turbine you will find it it's efficiencies are very low. This is because a generator requires a certain amount of rotation before it can begin generating energy that will allow a load. In other words it will spin freely as long as you don't have any loads on that generator but as soon as you start pulling electricity off of that the torque required to rotate the blades increases dramatically. So you will see the wind turbine turning at a slow rate of speed at the low end but that does not mean it is generating electricity it is simply speeding up to the wind speed being subjected to it. If that wind speed is not enough to load the generator electrically then there will be no power drawn from the wind turbine. Once the wind turbine reaches a speed that will allow it to be loaded then it will begin putting out electricity however it will only put out what is allowed for the speed that it is rotating so unless the wind picks up that's all of the electricity you're going to get out of that wind turbine. So let's say that you have a pretty windy day. Now you get up to the maximum speed of the generator and it is outputting what it was designed to output on the maximum. What happens if the wind begins to go faster? Well in that case you could overdrive and damage the generator. Therefore you have to begin Feathering the blades so that they don't take all the wind ithats blowing so that it doesn't turn too hard on the shaft causing damage. Now remove that generator from that wind turbine and replace it with an air compressor. An air compressor begins compressing Air at the very rotation of its input shaft and how much air it compresses depends on the wind speed. So as the wind speed increases the compressor turns faster compressing more air of course. I'm pressing more of the blades but the wind is blowing faster so the load is responding to the wind. The amount of compressed air increases up to the speed that is the maximum of the electrical generator and as far beyond the capabilities of the wind turbine will allow. The amount of air being compressed is much greater then it was at the lower speeds. Now, tompressed can be stored indefinitely. So say the wind speed that tthe generator would not allow, is now running a compressor. Because we are using a compressor, we would not have to feather these blades. We would simply allow even more air to be compressed as the wind speed increased. If you graffed this on an XY axis , X cubic feet of air compressed and Y being wind speed the line would be linear, unlike the electrical generator which is Flatline with a rapid jump and then flatlined again and not go any higher no matter how fast the wind blew. The area under each of these lines represents the amount of energy collected. Because we are not generating electricity we are compressing air we can store more energy gathered with the wind turbine then we can generate with electricity. And I don't need any chemical batteries to store compressed air. And if the wind is not blowing I can use the compressed air that was made during the night when the electrical demand was down through the systems described below to generate the electricity when it was needed. This is a huge improvement over the electrical generators tied to wind turbines today
Now care to guess how much air I could compress at Fundy Bay Canada?:eek:

[Ralph Day]

Interesting concept Timothy, but for the diy guy batteries are much safer IMO. Have you ever seen what happens when a garage compressor tank fails? 20 some years ago a local was killed by just that happening.

Underground pressure holding tanks?

And as wind speed doubles it's energy is cubed. Your graph is not exactly linear, it's more logarithmic if I recall correctly. Really high winds mean a great amount of energy is available compared to when you're just idling along.

\So, how to store? Any problems with condensation in storage containers? What about when the energy is extracted, is there some condensation there too?

Ralph

[Timothy Gard]

Okay so I guess the conversation does stay in order. My bad.:huh:

[Timothy Gard]

Interesting concept Timothy, but for the diy guy batteries are much safer IMO. Have you ever seen what happens when a garage compressor tank fails? 20 some years ago a local was killed by just that happening.
Hi Ralph ! Well there are always problems with anything that can be overcome. For example the explosive volatility of gasoline is something that we have overcome in the design of our automobiles. If you look in the research and development of high-pressure storage you look at some very safe system designs for storing high-pressure air. There is a company in southern Africa connected with debeers diamond mines I believe who pressurizes air in railroad tank cars and uses that compressed air to drive turbines at their remote mining sites. Then there is the issue of transfer of this energy. We have an organization in the North American continent called the Tennessee Valley National gas pipeline. This pipeline transverses the American Countryside north and south east and west. This pipeline is high pressure Natural Gas. This gas pipeline put compressed natural gas in two or more huge storage tanks close to major cities like Buffalo. Because the cities have such a high demand during the winter time and this pipeline could not keep up with all the cities they store this natural gas in huge tanks outside of these cities for cold-weather high demand.
Some very good points here my friend! We can discuss this one first and then once we have it nailed down we can move on to the next. But I see that you're a solar guy and I want to hit on that next. Every single bit of energy that we have on this planet comes from the sun. Even the convection currents that drive our wind turbines is caused by the sun heating the atmosphere. If you take a solar panel and use it to drive air compressors during the day solar energy will generate electricity when there is no sun at 3 a.m. now I can store solar energy for use in demand anytime I please. I could even put solar panels on my house and then sell that compressed air to the utility for use when they need it. Your Future's So Bright You Gotta Wear Shades! :-)

Underground pressure holding tanks?

And as wind speed doubles it's energy is cubed. Your graph is not exactly linear, it's more logarithmic if I recall correctly. Really high winds mean a great amount of energy is available compared to when you're just idling along.

\So, how to store? Any problems with condensation in storage containers? What about when the energy is extracted, is there some condensation there too?

Ralph I have a thousand words on here and this website is telling me this message is too short what the hey

[Dave Schwartz]

I think the problem was that you were typing your reply inside the quote of Ralph's post. The bot excludes the quoted text (between the open quote element and its closing) and thus didn't see any of your new text so thought you were submitting an empty post.

You are correct that all the energy we currently use comes from the sun (and other stars in the case of nuclear) that may have been in storage for various timescales (8 minutes for solar, weeks or months for hydro, millions of years for fossil, billions for nuclear).

Compressed air is a form of energy storage and storage is generally agreed to be the technology needed to allow intermittent renewables to take over the world. The needs here are that it must be cheap, energy-dense, safe and efficient.

So far in the discussion, compressed air storage is not a lot different than a fairly old technology: pumped (water) storage. Water pumps are fairly cheap, water is fairly energy-dense (depending on the volume and height to which its pumped), safer than compressed air storage at thousands of psi (as long as you don't put people under where there could be an uncontrolled discharge of your pumped water) and efficient. You wouldn't think it would have been a good idea but there is a fairly large pumped-water storage generating system at Lewiston (Niagara Falls) NY (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moses_Niagara_Power_Plant#Lewiston_Pump-Generating_Plant)

Two points about what you've posted so far:
1) There is going to be considerable energy loss from heat. The Ideal Gas Law tells us that as you compress a gas, its temperature increases (ever felt an air compressor's high-pressure discharge line?) The total energy content of the compressed air is a sum of the pressure differential to ambient and this heat content. Some heat will be lost in storage through contact with the vessel walls and as it does the Ideal Gas Law tells us its pressure will decrease. Perhaps this energy loss is acceptable if your source (wind) is free. Pumped water doesn't have this problem - all the energy (except that lost in the pumping engines) is stored as potential energy in increasing the height of the water and virtually all of it comes back as kinetic energy when you start dropping it back down.
2) You still can't allow the wind turbine to speed up without limits. The rotating components still have a stress limit and will fail, sometimes spectacularly (there are some accounts of that on this forum) if you exceed them. If you choose a site on the theory that it will regularly be too windy to drive a generator, I submit that you've chosen the wrong turbine technology so I don't think such a straw-man argument is very persuasive.

In the end, its all about economics. It doesn't matter if something is physically possible, its whether the capital deployed will generate a sufficiently positive return on investment that determines whether something will work in the real world.

P.S. Despite the apparent skepticism, I look forward to seeing how you will lay out a scaled-up, economically viable compressed air storage system.

[Timothy Gard]

Hi Dave. This is my 4th time trying to answer this I keep getting interrupted maybe I'll be able to finish it up this time.
Let me start off by acknowledging the things that you mentioned here in regard to mathematics and science. When we get right down to efficiency as two devices like wind turbines we are truly talking about mathematics that may approach in the calculus realm. You can go to calculus and will help you determine the area underneath the curve on a graph. Or you can extrapolate a straight line and do an approximation. What I'm referring to the efficiencies of wind turbines I am backing away from the calculus and going for the straight line calculations because this is easier for people who are not knowledgeable in calculus. That's how I would answer your question in regard to the type of mathematics of using into discussion about. We're talking about an average rate here because there are so many different variables involved in system designs that doing this like calculation adjustment to go from calculus 2 linear math is almost inconceivable. Just because I am so likely to be interrupted during these things I'm going to post this as part of my first answer because you know you had an awful lot of information in that posting that you made so I'm going to take a little piece at a time and fire it off answering each part of it individually and then you choose which one that you want to have a discussion about and in the order you want to have the discussion I'll be happy to respond in that direction.:nuts:

[Timothy Gard]

The next thing that I wanted to address was on the last paragraph your reference to skepticism. Let me give you a point of view of skepticism in regard to research and development. Skepticism is a prime ingredient to solving problems. I absolutely cannot solve a problem if no one conceives there a problem to be solved. Does that make sense? If you are a skeptic in regard to anything and someone can give you the information required to alleviate that skepticism that means that the life of that science has been perpetuated which after all is what the mission is. So bring on your skepticism I can't live without it. Just don't allow your skepticism two blind your ability all together and construct questions necessary to solve the problem. I love to dance but it's always better if there's music.

[Timothy Gard]

I wanted to touch a little more on the issue of energy density and fluids. When we speak of the energy density in water the only possible way you can increase that energy density is by increasing the elevation of the water. Understand we're not going to consider temperatures in this because our working conditions do not allow for temperature issues to cause improvements in efficiency. As a matter of fact temperature issues can actually decrease those efficiencies as we both know. We don't want to ignore those entirely but for the time being we can not include those in our discussions but later on decide whether or not those inclusions are going to disavow our discussion on that portion. Okay disclaimer done. In the issue of compressed air however by simply increasing the pressure of the air we will increase the energy density of that element. The higher the pressure the higher the energy density. Therefore we can actually put more energy in a cubic foot of air by pressurizing it then we could by pressurizing a cubic foot of water. This is because water cannot be compressed. If I were to put pressure on a cubic foot of water that did not have any air in it until that pressure gained a million pounds and then poked a hole in the vessel that vessel that was holding that million pounds there would be a tiny little spout of water that would come out through that pinhole and the pressure would immediately drop to zero. If you do the same thing with a vessel with compressed air that pressure will remain high and will only reduce based on how much air can leak out through the hole that we made. So looking at the fluid from the basis of energy density a gas llike air has it all over a liquid like water.

[Joe Blake]

2) You still can't allow the wind turbine to speed up without limits. The rotating components still have a stress limit and will fail, sometimes spectacularly (there are some accounts of that on this forum) if you exceed them. If you choose a site on the theory that it will regularly be too windy to drive a generator, I submit that you've chosen the wrong turbine technology so I don't think such a straw-man argument is very persuasive.

In the end, its all about economics. It doesn't matter if something is physically possible, its whether the capital deployed will generate a sufficiently positive return on investment that determines whether something will work in the real world.


In South Australia we are presently in the throes of trying to work out what happened to cause the entire state to be plunged into utter darkness. (The state draws about 40% of its energy from renewable sources, mainly wind.) The basic problem seems to be two-fold (in my view anyway). Firstly the limits of wind turbines in high winds and secondly lack of storage of power generated.

http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-19/wind-power-loss-key-event-in-sa-blackout-report-finds/7947478

Given that batteries are improving all the time, I also think economics will be the determining factor in this area.

[Joe Blake]

Just to clarify my previous post, the failure of power was caused (at least on the initial findings in the interim report) by damage to the grid itself such as transmission towers carrying high voltage lines being blown out of the ground by the cyclone.

http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-28/sa-power-outage-explainer/7886090

http://www.abc.net.au/news/image/7888392-3x2-700x467.jpg

However, it points up the inherent danger of relying upon centralised generation and distribution of power, regardless of how it's generated.

[Timothy Gard]

Hi Joe.
My whole life I wondered what it would be like to visit your country. Some of your history and some of the conditions of your lifestyle to this very day seem blessed with the love of God and nature.
Right off the bat so we understand each other I expect nothing in return for any information that I give to you. All of the information that I offer to you is free of charge there's no obligation whatsoever. I receive my orders from a higher power, and financial gain is not part of the deal. I will tell you exactly what you need to do to solve the Aussie problem. I will answer whatever questions you can ask to the best of my ability but I cannot make you understand what I say ... your dedication to learning about what you don't understand is mandatory.
First of all you have some massive sources on your continent for renewable energy. That big wind that blew those power poles down can be harnessed and put in a bottle for use at anytime you please. You're Great Barrier Reef has massive swells that can be harnessed and converted into a state that can be stored indefinitely. And just in case the thought has crossed your mind I am an environmentalist . I know there have been some issues with people using the Great Barrier Reef in a destructive manner . And I would do nothing that would endanger that area. I can make it possible so that you can store this energy anywhere on the continent as well as easily transfer it anywhere on the continent from one point to another without ever having the weather interrupted service. The most difficult part for me is getting you and people like you to understand why this is possible. At that point the most difficult thing for you is to convince other people the same thing so that you might accomplish this state. If you really want to do this I will give you everything I possibly can in order to accomplish it. No charge I just need to get er`done! So if you want to be the one to solve the Aussie problem with renewable energy? I'll be glad to help you do that. If that's not for you but you know somebody who would want to do that point them at me.:cool:

[Timothy Gard]

as Joe Blakes post below shows, the environmental characteristics of any area can have devastating effects to electrical power systems. Do some research on this looking for system integrity damages and you will find these elevated electrical transmissions are rife with failure and expense. Every single power pole out there looses integrity every year they spend open to environmental attack. We can fix this.

I want to cover the transmission aspect of the HYPEG system. Lets start out with the fact that I can provide you easily with 33,179,520 cubic feet of air twice a day without fail, no matter what the environmental conditions. From where you ask? The Moon of coarse. Every day the Moon causes the tidal rise in Canada's Bay of Fundy of over 32 feet of elevation rise twice a day. Now put that in a 10 foot pipe 20 miles long and you will get a total of 66,359,040 cubic feet of compressed air daily. And once built, I can easily double that for one tenth of the original build price. Now, lets see how we could transfer large amounts of compressed air across the countryside safely. Lets see, 60 PSI of air buried two feet underground in a 6 inch steel pipe ... ya, not real dangerous, is it. Not very susceptible to outside weather damage, not dangerous if broken, and cheap to install, maintain, repair and insure. Remember, 32 feet of water has 13.87 PSI. I can easily convert 13 PSI to 60 using mechanical driven air pumps to step up the pressure.So if I have to use 10 cubic feet at 13 PSI to make 1 cubic foot at 60, now I have 6,635,904 cubic feet to work with. This would run about 6 HYPEG basic units outing about 93,000 foot pounds of torque per minute each, or 5,580,000, foot pounds per hour. each I have now matched the price of a typical wind turbine, but I can output the maximum of that system 24 hours a day without fossil fuel backup ever. And when the demand is low, we simply input less compressed air immediately saving our stored air for later use. No tidal rise where you live you say? Do you have access to 10 foot swells on a lake or bay? Buy the Queen E 2. attach her hull to air pumps large enough to handle the weight of that ship, (really big air pumps!) and pump air every time the waves raise the ship and every time it lowers it. Lots and lots of compressed air. Now, pipe that 60 psi air 500 miles inland to a HYPEG unit, and deep inland cities can power their homes and cars with ocean energy 500 miles away. And all 100% renewable for as long as Man walks the Earth, and much safer than high power electrical lines.

[Joe Blake]

Timothy,

A grid is a grid is a grid, regardless of whether it's electricity, water, aviation fuel or compressed gas. As well as being subjected to physical attack, whether from natural or human agency, there is also now the increasing threat of cyber attack. In 2012, a grid failure in India on 31 July was the largest power outage in history. The outage affected over 620 million people, about 9% of the world population. (Some villages that were not connected to the grid were not affected, such as Meerwada, Madhya Pradesh which had a 14 kW solar power station built by a United States-based firm for $125,000.)

Aside from saving money (after the initial investment outlay) and reducing environmental damage from creating and maintaining a grid, one of the attractive reasons for local or home generation of power (usually via solar panels with batteries) is security of supply, the big problem being discussed post the South Australian blackout. In Perth, Western Australia where I live, there are now suburbs being constructed which rely very heavily on local power generation and distribution via micro-grids and local storage (batteries mostly.)

I have no disagreement with your basic physics but to me, the idea is simply impractical.

[Timothy Gard]

Sometimes truth is a hard thing to swallow. But it's still truth. The design of this new system eliminates this issue of Cyber attack. The reason for this is that individual communities themselves will control the HYPEG unit and its ability to Output to that community. While individual areas may be susceptible to those kinds of damages there is no way that they could have an effect on a large area making the purpose all the Cyber attack irrelevant.
I understand your dedication to a system that you've been in support of your entire life I really do understand that. But if we're going to make the right changes were simply going to have to make hard decisions or we are going to be in the same hole we've always been in. Full dependency on fossil fuels. The fact that you fail to see how this design dealt with Cyber attack is a perfect example of people making decisions about things that they haven't studied properly. The only thing worse then no decision is a bad decision.
I just can't see it. Calculus I mean. That doesn't mean it doesn't exist. And if I deny it it will never exist for me. Me as a scientist I choose truth.

[Joe Blake]

Which is the "truth" you speak of? I'm simply saying I believe the idea is "impractical". If you believe it is practical, then please present a practical example - ie one that is presently working, doing what you claim it can do.

eg: Now, pipe that 60 psi air 500 miles inland to a HYPEG unit, and deep inland cities can power their homes and cars with ocean energy 500 miles away.

Then I will reassess my opinion.

If you search through this forum you will find many posts showing from me on many topics. In these posts you see inter alia how I have put myself in a position to move off-grid, should I so choose, including a great deal of my transportation requirements, without using much fossil based energy.

Just as a "practical" example, I present a graph, which shows the previous year's generation of energy by my solar panels/ batteries, in terms of percentage of domestic consumption on a month by month basis.

http://i82.photobucket.com/albums/j245/saxeharp/General17/ROct01_zpslzjaylj1.jpg

In Australia, (and elsewhere) there is a fairly strong move towards renewable, domestically generated energy, which will render your ideas nugatory, because the market for the energy which it could generate is shrinking, and like nuclear power, it will become cost ineffective.

To quote Dave Schwartz in a previous post
In the end, its all about economics. It doesn't matter if something is physically possible, its whether the capital deployed will generate a sufficiently positive return on investment that determines whether something will work in the real world.

[Timothy Gard]

Joe in the research and development industry what you are experiencing is called, "The Flat Earth Society". It refers to people who have always believed in something and do not believe that it can be any other way. You asked me to show you a working device on new research and new development when the research devices doing what you're looking to do have not been built. I have shown you a video have a device and explaining how the device works that would generate electricity with higher efficiencies then turbines, then I explain why turbine efficiencies are poor. This is a hard built device and even with that you still need to have a "working device". The truth of the matter is most people cannot function outside of the box. Where you are at there, is many many people are. It's actually quite more lonely outside the box where where I'm at. But if I have to accept what other people say I have to accept as opposed to using my own mind to try to solve problems I would much rather be alone. No hard feelings I hope.:cool:

[Joe Blake]

I'm quite happy to sit here at home running off the sun and not paying anybody a cent for the privilege of a comfortable lifestyle. I'll be interested to see your ideas become a reality and start supplying power to the people - but I'll not hold my breath.

http://www.greenpowertalk.org/showthread.php?t=20783

:confused:

PS I've said your idea is "impractical", not "impossible" - a world of difference.

[Joe Blake]

Timothy,

In the interest of full disclosure you say I have shown you a video but I've not been able to find any video from you in this thread. Could you please point us to it?

[Timothy Gard]

Sure can. Go to you tube site, search HYPEG Tim Gard and that should get you there. Let me know if it doesn't and I will post the exact link next time I'm at the library.

[Joe Blake]

Tim, it's up to you to convince others of your theories. You claim to be a scientist. Before I was employed for a decade or so as a court reporter, I spent years word processing academic papers such as theses and essays, so I'm familiar with the standards academia (including science) require for work to be accepted. YOU have to prove (or more properly give credible evidence for) your theories, I don't have to DISprove them. I don't intend to go chasing over the internet to do your work for you.

Secondly, if you think your ideas are "practical" in my first post in this thread I provided you with a 24 karat opportunity to put them to the test. The South Australian power grid would seem (as I understand it) to be a perfect test bed for you to show what you're made of. Do you intend to engage with the appropriate authorities and suggest that you be brought out here, and visit this country as you said you would like, to assess the situation and see if they wish to use your system, to make the grid function cheaply, efficiently and securely?

Or perhaps if you have the courage of your convictions, pay your own way to put your ideas in front of these people personally?

Will look forward to seeing what the SA government and power authorities would think of your suggestion.

[Timothy Gard]

No I'll just crap a whole basket full of quarters come on down there build this thing for you guys so that you can see how it works and make a whole bunch of money. You won't even have to read a damn thing I'll do it all for you. If you want to make money off of this thing you're going to have to do some homework if you don't want to make any money just go back to sleep.

[Joe Blake]

I'm quite happy to sit here at home running off the sun and not paying anybody a cent for the privilege of a comfortable lifestyle.

Res ipsa loquitur

[Timothy Gard]

There is nothing here that is theory. It is all basic science. Accelerated mass is not theory. Buoyancy is not Theory. Pressure differentials is not theory. This is all very basic and very easy science. If basic and easy is too difficult then sitting and waiting for someone else to do something is exactly what you should do. Otherwise you just confuse the conversation with baloney.